A pilonidal sinus is a small hole or tunnel in the skin at the top of the buttocks, where they divide (the natal cleft). Most people with a pilonidal sinus don’t notice it until it becomes infected and causes symptoms.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria which infects the stomach lining. The chemicals it produces cause inflammation of the stomach lining. Infection appears to be lifelong unless treated with mediations to eradicate the bacteria.

Diverticular disease of the colon is a condition where the lining of the colon bulges through defects in its muscle wall, creating multiple pouches, or “diverticula”. Diverticular disease also affects the smooth muscle in the colonic wall, which becomes thickened and scarred.